Gerunds used as subjects:
e.g Drinking too much beer is harmfull for the health
Gerunds as objects:
Here is the common verbs followed by gerund as object:
Admit
Appreciate
Avoid
Consider
Delay
Deny
Discuss
Enjoy
Finish
Give up
Keep on
Miss
Plan
Practice
Putt off
Quit
Recall
Stop
Take up
Understand
e.g Don't avoid taking responsibility
Gerunds as subjects of prepositions:
Be aware of
Be found of
Be intersted in
Be accustoned to
Be capable of
Be concerned about
Think about
Talk about
Think of
Look forward to
e.g Jhon is thinking about looking for a job this summer.
He is intersted in going to a foreing country
Gerunds after verbs of perception
Feel
Hear
Listen to
See
Notice
Watch
e.g Isaw her giving a presentation
Sunday, 7 September 2008
Articles
Some usefull rules for the use of articles:
Zero article:
we use zero article in the cases bellow
- for uncountable and general nouns:
e.g There was a lot of pressure on me.
- for cities and countries:
e.g I was 34 at Sydney.
Definite article "the":
- we use the definite article if it's specific and there is only one of this thing
e.g I didn't win the olympics for me.
Indefinite articles "a","an":
- we use the indefinite article if it's countable or one of many
e.g That was a rhough battle.
It's like you step out off the plane to a new life.
Zero article:
we use zero article in the cases bellow
- for uncountable and general nouns:
e.g There was a lot of pressure on me.
- for cities and countries:
e.g I was 34 at Sydney.
Definite article "the":
- we use the definite article if it's specific and there is only one of this thing
e.g I didn't win the olympics for me.
Indefinite articles "a","an":
- we use the indefinite article if it's countable or one of many
e.g That was a rhough battle.
It's like you step out off the plane to a new life.
cause and effect
Exercise 1: decide if it's a reason or result?
1- Venice is sinking because of the rising level of the sea. ( reason)
2- Archeologists study ancient objects in order to learn about ancient cultures. (reason)
3- the fire in the museum resulted in extensive damage. (result)
4- Visitors to the art exhibition are not permitted to use flash fotography since this can cause damage to the pictures. (reason)
5- Historic monuments are expensive to maintain, so it often necessary to charge an entry fee. (result)
6- A new museum is being built as the collections are too large for the present museum. (reason)
7- The construction of the Aswan dam and lake would have destroyed the ancient temple of Abu Simbel. Therefore, it was decided to move the temple to a new site. (result)
Exercise 2: join the two parts of the sentence.
1- Large numbers of people from all over the world visit Petra, in Jordan, because of its beauty.
2- Children are encouraged to visit museums because it's imprtant for them to learn about the history of their country.
3- Historians are often required to learn languages such as latin in order to read ancient manuscripts and inscriptions.
4- Some cities, like Rome, have been inhabited for thousands of years, so the ancient buildings are hidden bellow modern buildings.
5- In 79 CE Pompeii was coverd by a thick layer of volcanicash from Mont Vesuvius. As a result the city was particulary well preserved.
1- Venice is sinking because of the rising level of the sea. ( reason)
2- Archeologists study ancient objects in order to learn about ancient cultures. (reason)
3- the fire in the museum resulted in extensive damage. (result)
4- Visitors to the art exhibition are not permitted to use flash fotography since this can cause damage to the pictures. (reason)
5- Historic monuments are expensive to maintain, so it often necessary to charge an entry fee. (result)
6- A new museum is being built as the collections are too large for the present museum. (reason)
7- The construction of the Aswan dam and lake would have destroyed the ancient temple of Abu Simbel. Therefore, it was decided to move the temple to a new site. (result)
Exercise 2: join the two parts of the sentence.
1- Large numbers of people from all over the world visit Petra, in Jordan, because of its beauty.
2- Children are encouraged to visit museums because it's imprtant for them to learn about the history of their country.
3- Historians are often required to learn languages such as latin in order to read ancient manuscripts and inscriptions.
4- Some cities, like Rome, have been inhabited for thousands of years, so the ancient buildings are hidden bellow modern buildings.
5- In 79 CE Pompeii was coverd by a thick layer of volcanicash from Mont Vesuvius. As a result the city was particulary well preserved.
some usefull vocabulary
some expressions for generalisations:
- Some people believe that.....
- It is generally/ commonly believed that....
- In general it is believed.....
- In general it is believed....
- People tend to choose the air plane as a mean of transport.
- Students have the tendency to.......
Some vocabulary to express caution:
- It would seem/ appear that.....
Expressing probability:
Adjectifs and adverbes:
- It is likely that it will rain today
- Probably, the school will close early this year due to the weather conditions
Model verbs (may, might, can, could)
- The olympics in the UK may bring a lot of tourists to the country.
- I am speculating about the possible benefits of the olympics games.
- Some people believe that.....
- It is generally/ commonly believed that....
- In general it is believed.....
- In general it is believed....
- People tend to choose the air plane as a mean of transport.
- Students have the tendency to.......
Some vocabulary to express caution:
- It would seem/ appear that.....
Expressing probability:
Adjectifs and adverbes:
- It is likely that it will rain today
- Probably, the school will close early this year due to the weather conditions
Model verbs (may, might, can, could)
- The olympics in the UK may bring a lot of tourists to the country.
- I am speculating about the possible benefits of the olympics games.
Supporting a point of view
The fair trade movement has resulted substantial improvements for small farmers and producers in developping countries. Moreover, it encourages developement of the local communities. Specifically, it would seem that fair trade gives to the producers the opportunity to use their financial and technical expertise in their communities. An example of this, a coffee co-operative in Mexico started a public bus service in the village.
In parrallel of this, fair trade helps to reduce environmental damage. In particular, producers use some systems which allow the soil to recover naturally without chemicals. For instance, the producers of organic rice in thailand use traditional thechniques which do not use chemicals or exhaust the soil.
In parrallel of this, fair trade helps to reduce environmental damage. In particular, producers use some systems which allow the soil to recover naturally without chemicals. For instance, the producers of organic rice in thailand use traditional thechniques which do not use chemicals or exhaust the soil.
Friday, 8 August 2008
Relative pronoun and clauses
1- The beach is a place that i go to if i am feeling a little depressed and it always makes me feel better.
2- Kamelia, who is one of my closet friends, always know how to console me.
3- poligamy is a notion that i will never be able to accept.
4- An old ring, which is probably my most treasured possession, was given to me by my grand mother.
5- Few people have heard of Hicham Elgerouj who is a runner, but he is very famous in my country.
6- London which I've always dreamed of visiting, now seems to me like any other city.
2- Kamelia, who is one of my closet friends, always know how to console me.
3- poligamy is a notion that i will never be able to accept.
4- An old ring, which is probably my most treasured possession, was given to me by my grand mother.
5- Few people have heard of Hicham Elgerouj who is a runner, but he is very famous in my country.
6- London which I've always dreamed of visiting, now seems to me like any other city.
Newsnight - program about China
Thank you Jim, it was really intersting to listen to the lecture about what the world think of China. It was useful in terms of langage and also in terms of the information given in this video.
I found it a little bit difficult to understand some accent but in general it was ok. In this lecture it was a comparaison, using some statistics, between the USA, the UK, Brazil and South Korea in people perception of China...
An author from USA claimed that America is not afraid from China to be the first power in the world, he also claimed that America is even helping China to be introduced in the world trading organization. India feel more sensitive about China and look at it as threaten. whereas in Africa they feel more positive about China...
I found it a little bit difficult to understand some accent but in general it was ok. In this lecture it was a comparaison, using some statistics, between the USA, the UK, Brazil and South Korea in people perception of China...
An author from USA claimed that America is not afraid from China to be the first power in the world, he also claimed that America is even helping China to be introduced in the world trading organization. India feel more sensitive about China and look at it as threaten. whereas in Africa they feel more positive about China...
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